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Legume-rhizobia symbiosis is a vital ecological interaction that significantly contributes to soil fertility enhancement in agricultural systems. This symbiotic relationship involves leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia, wherein atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia, a form readily utilized by plants. This article explores the mechanisms underlying legume-rhizobia symbiosis and its implications for soil fertility management. By harnessing biological nitrogen fixation, leguminous plants reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers, mitigate environmental impacts, and promote sustainable agriculture. Optimization strategies, including inoculation with selected rhizobia strains and diversified cropping systems, enhance nitrogen fixation and soil fertility. Legume residues also enrich soil organic matter, improving soil structure and microbial activity. Understanding and leveraging legume-rhizobia symbiosis offer promising pathways towards resilient and environmentally friendly farming practices.
